macOS自用c环境配置指南

关于clangd

系统官方的介绍可以看网上别的博客，按我个人理解，clangd就是给你提供代码补全，函数跳转之类的功能。

开始配置

我是MacOS，所以先直接brew install llvm，如果你是Debian系Linux，用apt install clang clangd clangd-tidy llvm即可

macOS brew的时候会出现

CLANG_CONFIG_FILE_SYSTEM_DIR: /opt/homebrew/etc/clang
CLANG_CONFIG_FILE_USER_DIR:   ~/.config/clang

LLD is now provided in a separate formula:
  brew install lld

We plan to build LLVM 20 with `LLVM_ENABLE_EH=OFF`. Please see:
  https://github.com/orgs/Homebrew/discussions/5654

Using `clang`, `clang++`, etc., requires a CLT installation at `/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools`.
If you don't want to install the CLT, you can write appropriate configuration files pointing to your
SDK at ~/.config/clang.

To use the bundled libunwind please use the following LDFLAGS:
  LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/lib/unwind -lunwind"

To use the bundled libc++ please use the following LDFLAGS:
  LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/lib/c++ -L/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/lib/unwind -lunwind"

NOTE: You probably want to use the libunwind and libc++ provided by macOS unless you know what you're doing.

llvm is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /opt/homebrew,
because macOS already provides this software and installing another version in
parallel can cause all kinds of trouble.

If you need to have llvm first in your PATH, run:
  echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc

For compilers to find llvm you may need to set:
  export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/lib"
  export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/include"

这是提示你macOS里面的clang和brew下来的clang冲突了，往~/.zshrc中加入如下语句即可。

export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin:$PATH"
# homebrew clang, llvm
export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/include"

接下来我们去vscode里面下载插件，通常是clangd，CodeLLDB，CMake Tools这几个一起下。

然后去clangd插件中配置参数，启用一些特性

"clangd.arguments": [
        "--enable-config",
        "--background-index",
        "--compile-commands-dir=build",
        "--clang-tidy",
        "--all-scopes-completion",
        "--completion-style=detailed",
        "--header-insertion=iwyu",
        "--pch-storage=disk",
        "-j=12"
    ],

然后去项目根目录，新增clangd配置，以下内容放在根目录下的.clangd中，要注意，clangd的用户级配置的优先级是大于项目配置的，这一点非常反人类。

用户级配置：

• Windows: , typically .%LocalAppData%\clangd\config.yamlC:\Users\Bob\AppData\Local\clangd\config.yaml

• macOS: ~/Library/Preferences/clangd/config.yaml

• Linux and others: , typically .$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/clangd/config.yaml~/.config/clangd/config.yaml

如果你找不到这些路径，请手动创建

具体参数可以看一下clang官网，clang-tidy配置

然后我们配置lldb，用于调试程序

在vscode中创建lanuch.json，然后添加配置，选择CodeLLDB: Launch，稍微修改一下

"version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Debug",
            "type": "lldb",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/build/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
            "args": [],
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
        }
    ]

这样即可。按下F5调试代码，但是前提是你编译的文件在根目录的build文件下

安装gcc

brew install gcc

然后在~/.zshrc里面修改原本macOS的alias（原本苹果把gcc那套alias成了clang）

# ~/.zshrc
# gcc设置
alias gcc=gcc-14 # gcc-14换成你实际安装上的gcc版本
alias g++=g++-14

clangd用gcc的视角来看代码

有些时候我们只想用clangd做语法检测，所以可以换gcc做编译，并且可以以gcc的头文件库来进行语法检测。 只需要像如下修改clangd/config.yaml即可

# Fragment specific to C++ source files
If:
    PathMatch: [.*\.cpp, .*\.cxx, .*\.cc, .*\.h, .*\.hpp, .*\.hxx]
CompileFlags:
  Compiler: /opt/homebrew/bin/g++-14 # 这里换成你的g++地址
  Add:
    - "-std=c++17"
---
# Fragment specific to C source files
If:
    PathMatch: [.*\.c]
CompileFlags:
  Compiler: /opt/homebrew/bin/gcc-14 # 这里换成你的gcc地址
  Add:
    - "-std=c99"